Methods, systems, and computer program products for sharing information for detecting an idle TCP connection

ABSTRACT

An apparatus is provided comprising: a server computer including: a non-transitory memory storing a network application; and one or more processors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein the one or more processors execute the network application to operate in accordance with a first protocol including a transmission control protocol (TCP), the apparatus, when operating in accordance with the first protocol to establish a TCP connection with a client computer, configured to: communicate a segment including at least one first synchronize bit; communicate a first acknowledgement of the segment, and at least one second synchronize bit; and communicate a second acknowledgement; said server computer, further configured to communicate, to the client computer, code that, when used by the client computer, causes the client computer to operate in accordance with a second protocol that is separate from the TCP, in order to establish a second protocol connection with another server computer, by: receiving a packet; detecting an idle time period parameter field in the packet; identifying metadata in the idle time period parameter field for an idle time period, where, after the idle time period is detected, the second protocol connection is deemed inactive; and creating or modifying, by the client computer and based on the metadata, a timeout attribute associated with the second protocol connection.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/694,803 entitled “METHODS, SYSTEMS, ANDCOMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR SHARING INFORMATION FOR DETECTING AN IDLETCP CONNECTION,” filed on Sep. 3, 2017 which, in turn, is acontinuation-in-part of, and claims priority to U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/667,642, entitled “METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAMPRODUCTS FOR SELECTING A RESOURCE BASED ON A MEASURE OF A PROCESSINGCOST,” filed on Mar. 24, 2015 which, in turn, is a continuation-in-partof and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/477,402,entitled “METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR SHARINGINFORMATION FOR DETECTING AN IDLE TCP CONNECTION,” filed May 22, 2012which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/714,454, entitled “METHODS, SYSTEMS, ANDCOMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR SHARING INFORMATION FOR DETECTING AN IDLETCP CONNECTION,” filed Feb. 27, 2010.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/714,454, entitled “METHODS, SYSTEMS,AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR SHARING INFORMATION FOR DETECTING ANIDLE TCP CONNECTION,” filed Feb. 27, 2010 is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety for all purposes.

This application is related to the following commonly owned U.S. PatentApplications, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated byreference herein in its entirety for all purposes: application Ser. No.12/714,063 filed on 2010 Feb. 26, entitled “Methods, Systems, andProgram Products for Detecting an Idle TCP Connection”.

BACKGROUND

Various implementations of the transmission control protocol (TCP) innetwork nodes support a number of options that are not negotiated oreven communicated between or among any of the nodes. Some of theseoptions are included in the specification of the TCP while others arenot. For example, the TCP keep-alive option is supported by a number ofimplementations of the TCP. It is not, however, part of the TCPspecification as described in “Request for Comments” (RFC) document RFC793 edited by John Postel, titled “Transmission Control Protocol, DARPAInternet Program Internet Protocol Specification” (September 1981),which is incorporated here in its entirety by reference. One, both, orneither node including an endpoint in a TCP connection may support akeep-alive option for the connection. Each node supports or does notsupport keep-alive for a TCP connection based on each node'srequirements without consideration for the other node in the TCPconnection.

With respect to the keep-alive option, some argue that it is unnecessaryand that it can waste network bandwidth. Some of these critics point outthat a keep-alive packet can bring down a TCP connection. Further, sincenodes including endpoints in a TCP connection do not cooperate insupporting the keep-alive option, the nodes may operate in opposition toone another and/or may waste resources by duplicating function,according to critics of the keep-alive option.

Proponents of the keep-alive option claim there is a benefit todetecting a dead peer/partner endpoint sooner. A node providing TCPkeep-alive can also indirectly detect when a network is so congestedthat two nodes with endpoints in a TCP connection are effectivelydisconnected. Proponents argue that keep-alive can keep an inactive TCPconnection open. For example, some network nodes such as firewalls areconfigured to close TCP connections determined to be idle or inactive inorder to recover resources. Keep-alive can prevent this. This is goodfrom the perspective of the node sending keep-alive packets, but thekeep-alive packets might cause the firewall to waste resources andpossibly block or terminate TCP connections with other nodes.

TCP keep-alive and the debate of its benefits and faults have beenaround for decades. To date no mechanism to allow two TCP connectionendpoints to cooperate in supporting the keep-alive option has beenproposed or implemented. The broader issue of enabling cooperation andnegotiation between nodes in a TCP connection in detecting and managingidle, underactive, and/or dead TCP connections remains unaddressed.

Accordingly, there exists a need for methods, systems, and computerprogram products for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in orderto provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not anextensive overview of the disclosure and it does not identifykey/critical elements of the invention or delineate the scope of theinvention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts disclosed hereinin a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description thatis presented later.

An apparatus is provided comprising: a server computer including: anon-transitory memory storing a network application; and one or moreprocessors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein theone or more processors execute the network application such that thenetwork application is configured to operate in accordance with a firstprotocol including a transmission control protocol (TCP), the apparatus,when operating in accordance with the first protocol to establish a TCPconnection with a client computer, configured to: communicate a segmentincluding at least one first synchronize bit; communicate a firstacknowledgement of the segment, and at least one second synchronize bit;and communicate a second acknowledgement; said server computer, furtherconfigured to communicate, to the client computer, code that, when usedby the client computer, causes the client computer to operate inaccordance with a second protocol that is separate from the TCP, inorder to establish a second protocol connection with another servercomputer, by: receiving a packet; detecting an idle time periodparameter field in the packet; identifying metadata in the idle timeperiod parameter field for an idle time period, detectable by theanother server computer, where, after the idle time period is detected,the second protocol connection is deemed inactive; and creating ormodifying, by the client computer and based on the metadata, a timeoutattribute associated with the second protocol connection.

Another apparatus is provided comprising: a server computer including: anon-transitory memory storing a network application; and one or moreprocessors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein theone or more processors execute the network application such that thenetwork application is configured to operate in accordance with a firstprotocol including a transmission control protocol (TCP), the apparatus,when operating in accordance with the first protocol to establish a TCPconnection with a client computer, configured to: communicate a segmentincluding at least one first synchronize bit; communicate a firstacknowledgement of the segment, and at least one second synchronize bit;and communicate a second acknowledgement; said server computer, furtherconfigured to communicate, to the client computer, code that, when usedby the client computer, results in the client computer operating inaccordance with a second protocol that is separate from the TCP, inorder to establish a second protocol connection with another servercomputer, by: receiving idle information for detecting an idle timeperiod, after which, the second protocol connection is subject todeactivation; generating a second protocol packet including an idle timeperiod parameter field identifying metadata for the idle time periodbased on the idle information; and sending, from a client computer tothe another server computer, the second protocol packet to provide themetadata for the idle time period to the another server computer, foruse by the another server computer in creating or modifying, based onthe metadata, a timeout attribute associated with the second protocolconnection.

Yet another apparatus is provided comprising: a server computerincluding: a non-transitory memory storing instructions; and one or moreprocessors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein theone or more processors execute the instructions such that a networkapplication operates in accordance with a first protocol including atransmission control protocol (TCP), the apparatus, when operating inaccordance with the first protocol to set up a TCP connection,configured to: communicate a segment including at least one firstsynchronize bit; communicate a first acknowledgement of the segment, andat least one second synchronize bit; and communicate a secondacknowledgement; said server computer, further configured tocommunicate, to a client computer, code that, when used by the clientcomputer, causes the client computer to operate in accordance with asecond protocol that is different from the TCP and that operates abovean Internet Protocol (IP) layer and below a hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) application layer, in order to setup a second protocol connectionwith another server computer, by: receiving, by the client computer fromthe another server computer, a packet; identifying metadata, thatspecifies a number of seconds or minutes, in an idle time periodparameter field in the packet for an idle time period that is detectableby the another server computer and, during which, no packet iscommunicated that meets each of the following criteria: a) communicatedvia the second protocol connection, and b) causes the second protocolconnection to be kept at least partially alive; and determining, by theclient computer and based on the metadata, a timeout attributeassociated with the second protocol connection.

Still yet another apparatus is provided comprising: a server computerincluding: a non-transitory memory storing instructions; and one or moreprocessors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein theone or more processors execute the instructions such that a networkapplication operates in accordance with a first protocol including atransmission control protocol (TCP) that operates above an InternetProtocol (IP) layer and below a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)application layer, the apparatus, when operating in accordance with thefirst protocol to set up a TCP connection with a client computer,configured to: communicate a segment including at least one firstsynchronize bit; communicate a first acknowledgement of the segment, andat least one second synchronize bit; and communicate a secondacknowledgement; said server computer, further configured tocommunicate, to the client computer, code that, when used by the clientcomputer, results in the client computer operating in accordance with asecond protocol, that is different from the TCP and operates above theIP layer and below the HTTP application layer, in order to setup asecond protocol connection with another server computer, by: receivingidle information for use in detecting an idle time period during whichno signal is communicated that meets each of the following criteria: a)communicated in the second protocol connection, and b) results in thesecond protocol connection being at least partially kept alive;generating, based on the idle information, a second protocol packetincluding an idle time period parameter field identifying metadata thatis specified in a number of seconds or minutes; and sending, from theclient computer to another server computer and during the set up of thesecond protocol connection, the second protocol packet to provide themetadata to the another server computer, for use by the another servercomputer in determining a timeout attribute associated with the secondprotocol connection.

Other methods and systems are also described for sharing information fordetecting an idle TCP connection. In one aspect, a method includesreceiving, by a second node from a first node, a first transmissioncontrol protocol (TCP) packet in a TCP connection. The method furtherincludes detecting a first idle time period header, in the first packet,identifying metadata for a first idle time period, detectable by thefirst node, during which no TCP packet including data in a first TCPdata stream sent in the TCP connection by the second node is received bythe first node. The method still further includes modifying, based onthe metadata, by the second node a timeout attribute associated with theTCP connection.

Further, a system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection is described. The system includes an execution environmentincluding an instruction processing unit configured to process aninstruction included in at least one of a net in-port component, an idletime period option handler component, and an option attribute handlercomponent. The system includes the net in-port component configured forreceiving, by a second node from a first node, a first transmissioncontrol protocol (TCP) packet in a TCP connection. The system furtherincludes the idle time period option handler component configured fordetecting a first idle time period header, in the first packet,identifying metadata for a first idle time period, detectable by thefirst node, during which no TCP packet including data in a first TCPdata stream sent in the TCP connection by the second node is received bythe first node. The system still further includes the option attributehandler component configured for modifying, based on the metadata, bythe second node a timeout attribute associated with the TCP connection

In another aspect, a method for sharing information for detecting anidle TCP connection is described that includes receiving, by a firstnode, first idle information for detecting a first idle time periodduring which no TCP packet including data in a first data stream sent inthe TCP connection by a second node is received by the first node. Themethod further includes generating a TCP packet including a first idletime period header identifying metadata for the first idle time periodbased on the first idle information. The method still further includessending the TCP packet in the TCP connection to the second node toprovide the metadata for the first idle time period to the second node.The method also includes detecting the first idle time period based onthe first idle information. The method additionally includesdeactivating the TCP connection in response to detecting the first idletime period.

Still further, a system for sharing information for detecting an idleTCP connection is described. The system includes an executionenvironment including an instruction processing unit configured toprocess an instruction included in at least one of an idle time periodpolicy component, a packet generator component, a net out-portcomponent, an idle time period monitor component, and a connection statecomponent. The system includes the idle time period policy componentconfigured for receiving, by a first node, first idle information fordetecting a first idle time period during which no TCP packet includingdata in a first data stream sent in the TCP connection by a second nodeis received by the first node. The system includes the packet generatorcomponent configured for generating a TCP packet including a first idletime period header identifying metadata for the first idle time periodbased on the first idle information. The system still further includesthe net out-port component configured for sending the TCP packet in theTCP connection to the second node to provide the metadata for the firstidle time period to the second node. The system includes the idle timeperiod monitor component configured for detecting the first idle timeperiod based on the first idle information. The system includes theconnection state component configured for deactivating the TCPconnection in response to detecting the first idle time period.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent tothose skilled in the art upon reading this description in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals havebeen used to designate like or analogous elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hardware deviceincluded in and/or otherwise providing an execution environment in whichthe subject matter may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for sharing informationfor detecting an idle TCP connection according to an aspect of thesubject matter described herein;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating another method for sharinginformation for detecting an idle TCP connection according to anotheraspect of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b show a block a diagram illustrating an arrangementof components for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection according to a further aspect of the subject matter describedherein;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an arrangement of components forsharing information for detecting an idle TCP connection according tostill another aspect of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 6 is a network diagram illustrating an exemplary system for sharinginformation for detecting an idle TCP connection according to an aspectof the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 7 is a message flow diagram illustrating an exemplary data andexecution flow for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection according to an aspect of the subject matter describedherein; and

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a structure for a packet transmittedvia a network according to an aspect of the subject matter describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An exemplary device included in an execution environment that may beconfigured according to the subject matter is illustrated in FIG. 1. Anexecution environment includes an arrangement of hardware and,optionally, software that may be further configured to include anarrangement of components for performing a method of the subject matterdescribed herein.

An execution environment includes and/or is otherwise provided by one ormore devices. An execution environment may include a virtual executionenvironment including software components operating in a host executionenvironment. Exemplary devices included in or otherwise providingsuitable execution environments for configuring according to the subjectmatter include personal computers, notebook computers, tablet computers,servers, hand-held and other mobile devices, multiprocessor devices,distributed devices, consumer electronic devices, and/or network-enableddevices. Those skilled in the art will understand that the componentsillustrated in FIG. 1 are exemplary and may vary by particular executionenvironment.

FIG. 1 illustrates hardware device 100 included in execution environment102 which includes instruction-processing unit (IPU) 104, such as one ormore microprocessors; physical IPU memory 106 including storagelocations identified by addresses in a physical memory address space ofIPU 104; persistent secondary storage 108, such as one or more harddrives and/or flash storage media; input device adapter 110, such as keyor keypad hardware, keyboard adapter, and/or mouse adapter; outputdevice adapter 112, such as a display or audio adapter for presentinginformation to a user; a network interface, illustrated by networkinterface adapter 114, for communicating via a network such as a LANand/or WAN; and a communication mechanism that couples elements 104-114,illustrated as bus 116. Elements 104-114 may be operatively coupled byvarious means. Bus 116 may comprise any type of bus architecture,including a memory bus, a peripheral bus, a local bus, and/or aswitching fabric.

IPU 104 is an instruction execution machine, apparatus, or device.Exemplary IPUs include one or more microprocessors, digital signalprocessors (DSP), graphics processing units (GPU), application-specificintegrated circuits (ASIC), and/or field programmable gate arrays(FPGA).

IPU 104 may access machine code instructions and data via one or morememory address spaces in addition to the physical memory address space.A memory address space includes addresses identifying locations in anIPU memory. IPU 104 may have more than one IPU memory. Thus, IPU 104 mayhave more than one memory address space. IPU 104 may access a locationin an IPU memory by processing an address identifying the location. Theprocessed address may be in an operand of a machine code instructionand/or may be identified in a register or other portion of IPU 104.

FIG. 1 illustrates virtual IPU memory 118 spanning at least part ofphysical IPU memory 106 and at least part of persistent secondarystorage 108. Virtual memory addresses in a memory address space may bemapped to physical memory addresses identifying locations in physicalIPU memory 106. An address space for identifying locations in a virtualIPU memory is referred to as a virtual memory address space; itsaddresses are referred to as virtual memory addresses; and its IPUmemory is known as a virtual IPU memory or virtual memory. The term IPUmemory may refer to physical IPU memory 106 and/or virtual IPU memory118 depending on the context in which the term is used.

Various types of memory technologies may be included in physical IPUmemory 106. Exemplary memory technologies include static random accessmemory (SRAM) and/or dynamic RAM (DRAM) including variants such as dualdata rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), error correcting codesynchronous DRAM (ECC SDRAM), and/or RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM). Physical IPUmemory 106 may include volatile memory as illustrated in the previoussentence and/or may include nonvolatile memory such as nonvolatile flashRAM (NVRAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM).

Persistent secondary storage 108 may include one or more flash memorystorage devices, one or more hard disk drives, one or more magnetic diskdrives, and/or one or more optical disk drives. Persistent secondarystorage may include removable media. The drives and their associatedcomputer-readable storage media provide volatile and/or nonvolatilestorage for computer readable instructions, data structures, programcomponents, and other data for execution environment 102.

Execution environment 102 may include software components stored inpersistent secondary storage 108, in remote storage accessible via anetwork, and/or in an IPU memory. FIG. 1 illustrates executionenvironment 102 including operating system 120, one or more applications122, other program code and/or data components illustrated by otherlibraries and subsystems 124.

Execution environment 102 may receive user-provided information via oneor more input devices illustrated by input device 128. Input device 128provides input information to other components in execution environment102 via input device adapter 110. Execution environment 102 may includean input device adapter for a keyboard, a touch screen, a microphone, ajoystick, a television receiver, a video camera, a still camera, adocument scanner, a fax, a phone, a modem, a network adapter, and/or apointing device, to name a few exemplary input devices.

Input device 128 included in execution environment 102 may be includedin device 100 as FIG. 1 illustrates or may be external (not shown) todevice 100. Execution environment 102 may include one or more internaland/or external input devices. External input devices may be connectedto device 100 via corresponding communication interfaces such as aserial port, a parallel port, and/or a universal serial bus (USB) port.Input device adapter 110 receives input and provides a representation tobus 116 to be received by IPU 104, physical IPU memory 106, and/or othercomponents included in execution environment 102.

Output device 130 in FIG. 1 exemplifies one or more output devices thatmay be included in and/or may be external to and operatively coupled todevice 100. For example, output device 130 is illustrated connected tobus 116 via output device adapter 112. Output device 130 may be adisplay device. Exemplary display devices include liquid crystaldisplays (LCDs), light emitting diode (LED) displays, and projectors.Output device 130 presents output of execution environment 102 to one ormore users. In some embodiments, an output device is a device such as aphone, a joystick, and/or a touch screen. In addition to various typesof display devices, exemplary output devices include printers, speakers,tactile output devices such as motion producing devices, and otheroutput devices producing sensory information detectable by a user.

A device included in or otherwise providing an execution environment mayoperate in a networked environment communicating with one or moredevices (not shown) via one or more network interfaces. The terms“communication interface” and “network interface” are usedinterchangeably. FIG. 1 illustrates network interface adapter 114 as anetwork interface included in execution environment 102 to operativelycouple device 100 to a network. The terms “network node” and “node” inthis document both refer to a device having a network interfaceoperatively coupled to a network.

Exemplary network interfaces include wireless network adapters and wirednetwork adapters. Exemplary wireless networks include a BLUETOOTHnetwork, a wireless 802.11 network, and/or a wireless telephony network(e.g., a cellular, PCS, CDMA, and/or GSM network). Exemplary wirednetworks include various types of LANs, wide area networks (WANs), andpersonal area networks (PANs). Exemplary network adapters for wirednetworks include Ethernet adapters, Token-ring adapters, FDDI adapters,asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) adapters, and modems of various types.Exemplary networks also include intranets and internets such as theInternet.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a first method for sharinginformation for detecting an idle TCP connection according to anexemplary aspect of the subject matter described herein. FIG. 3 is aflow diagram illustrating a second method for sharing information fordetecting an idle TCP connection according to an exemplary aspect of thesubject matter described herein. FIG. 4a is a block diagram illustratinga system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCP connectionaccording to the first method in FIG. 2. FIG. 4b is a block diagramillustrating a system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection according to the second method in FIG. 3. It is expected thatmany, if not most, systems configured to perform one of the methodsillustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 will also be configured to perform theother method.

A system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCP connectionaccording to the method illustrated in FIG. 2 includes an executionenvironment, such as execution environment 102 in FIG. 1, including aninstruction processing unit, such as IPU 104, configured to process aninstruction included in at least one of an idle time period policycomponent 450, a packet generator component 452, and a net out-portcomponent 454, a idle time period monitor component 456, and aconnection state component 458 illustrated in FIG. 4 a.

A system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCP connectionperforming the method illustrated in FIG. 3 includes an executionenvironment, such as execution environment 102 in FIG. 1, including aninstruction processing unit, such as IPU 104, configured to process aninstruction included in at least one of a net in-port component 460, anidle time period option handler component 462, an option attributehandler component 464 illustrated in FIG. 4 b.

Components illustrated in FIG. 4a may be adapted for performing themethod illustrated in FIG. 2 in a number of execution environments.Components illustrated in FIG. 4b may be adapted for performing themethod illustrated in FIG. 3 in a number of execution environments. FIG.5 is a block diagram illustrating adaptations and/or analogs of thecomponents of FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b in exemplary execution environment 502including or otherwise provided by one or more nodes. The methoddepicted in FIG. 2 and the method depicted in FIG. 3 may be carried outby some or all of the exemplary components and/or their analogs.

The components illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 may be included in orotherwise may be combined with some or all of the components of FIG. 1to create a variety of arrangements of components according to thesubject matter described herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates first node 602 and second node 604 as exemplarydevices included in and/or otherwise adapted for providing a suitableexecution environment, such as execution environment 502 illustrated inFIG. 5, for an adaptation of the arrangement of components in FIG. 4aand an adaptation of the arrangement of components in FIG. 4b . Asillustrated in FIG. 6, first node 602 and second node 604 areoperatively coupled to network 606 via respective network interfacesenabling first node 602 and second node 604 to communicate. FIG. 7 is amessage flow diagram illustrating an exemplary exchange of messageswithin and between first node 602 and second node 604 according to thesubject matter described herein.

As stated, the various adaptations of the arrangements of components inFIG. 4a and in FIG. 4b described herein are not exhaustive.

In FIG. 5, execution environment 502 illustrates a network application504 operating in a node configured to communicate with one or more othernodes via the TCP supported by TCP layer component 506. For example,first node 602 may be included in and/or provide execution environment502. Network application 504 may be a first application configured tocommunicate with an application operating in second node 604 via network606. Second node 604 may be included in and/or provide another instanceof execution environment 502. The operation of both first node 602 andsecond node 604 are described with respect to execution environment 502.For ease of illustration, both first node 602 and second node 604 areconfigured with adaptations of the arrangement in FIG. 4a and thearrangement in FIG. 4b . As such, the description of components andcorresponding operations with respect to execution environment 502 inFIG. 5 is applicable to both first node 602 and second node 604 in FIG.6.

In FIG. 5, network interface card (NIC) 508 is an exemplification of anetwork interface illustrated in FIG. 1 by network interface adapter114. NIC 508 includes a physical layer component 510 operativelycoupling execution environment 502 to one or more physical media forcarrying communication signals. The media may be wired, such as anEthernet LAN operating over CAT 6 cabling, or may be wireless such as an802.11n LAN. Other exemplary physical layer protocols and correspondingmedia are identified above.

NIC 508 may also include a portion of link layer component 512. Linklayer component 512 may provide for communication between two nodes in apoint-to-point communication and/or two nodes in a local area network(LAN). Exemplary link layers and, their protocols have been describedabove including FDDI, ATM, and Ethernet. A portion of link layercomponent 512 is external to NIC 508. The external portion may berealized as a device driver for NIC 508.

Link layer component 512 may receive data formatted as one or moreinternet protocol (IP) packets from internet protocol (IP) layercomponent 514. Link layer component 512 packages data from IP layercomponent 514 according to the particular link layer protocol supported.Analogously, link layer component 512 interprets data, received assignals transmitted by the physical media operatively coupled tophysical layer component 510, according to a particular link layerprotocol supported. Link layer component 512 may strip off link layerspecific data and transfer the payload of link layer transmissions to IPlayer component 514.

IP layer component 514 illustrated in FIG. 5 is configured tocommunicate with one or more remote nodes over a LAN and/or a network ofnetworks such as an intranet or the Internet. IP layer component 514 mayreceive data formatted as TCP packets from TCP layer component 506. IPlayer component 514 packages data from TCP layer component 506 into IPpackets for transmission across a network. The network may be and/or mayinclude an internet. Analogously, IP layer component 514 interpretsdata, received from link layer component 512 as IP protocol data anddetects IP packets in the received data. IP layer component 514 maystrip off IP layer specific data and transfer the payload of one or moreIP packets to TCP layer component 506.

In FIG. 5, IP layer component 514 is operatively coupled to TCP layercomponent 506. TCP layer component 506 is configured to provide a TCPconnection over network 606 for sending and/or receiving packetsincluded in the TCP connection between two nodes exemplified by firstnode 602 and second node 604.

In a TCP connection including first node 602 and second node 604, firstnode 602 may include a first TCP connection endpoint and second node 604may include a second TCP connection endpoint. The first and second TCPconnection endpoints identify the TCP connection. The TCP connection mayhave other identifiers, in addition to the included endpoints.

Components of execution environment 502, in an aspect, may interoperatewith TCP layer component 506 directly. In another aspect, one or morecomponents, such as network application 504, may interoperate with TCPlayer component 506 indirectly. Network application 504 may exchangedata with TCP layer component 506 via sockets component 518 and/or ananalog of sockets component 518. Alternatively or additionally, networkapplication 504 may communicate with a remote node via an applicationprotocol layer illustrated by application protocol layer component 520.Many application protocols currently exist and new application protocolswill be developed. Exemplary application layer protocols includehypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), file transfer protocol (FTP), andextensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP).

TCP layer component 506 in FIG. 5 may receive data from any of varioussources for transmitting in corresponding TCP connections to variouscorresponding identified TCP connection endpoints in one or more networknodes. FIG. 5 illustrates application in-port (app in-port) component522 providing an interface component for receiving data to transmit in aTCP connection. FIG. 5 illustrates TCP layer component 506 includespacket generator component 552 configured to package data received byapplication in-port component 522 for transmitting in one or more TCPpackets. The one or more TCP packets are provided to IP layer component514 via net out-port component 554 exemplifying an output interfacecomponent.

Analogously, TCP layer component 506 interprets data received from IPlayer component 514 via net in-port component 560. The data isinterpreted as TCP data and TCP packets are detected in the receiveddata by net in-port component 560 and/or packet handler component 516.FIG. 5 illustrates TCP layer component 506 includes packet handlercomponent 516 to strip off and/or otherwise process TCP layer specificdata. Packet handler component 516 interoperates with applicationout-port (app out-port) component 524 to transfer data in the TCP packetincluded in a TCP data stream to sockets component 518, applicationprotocol layer 520, network application 504, and/or other componentsassociated with the local endpoint of the TCP connection. Detailedinformation on the operation of TCP is included in RFC 793.

With reference to the method illustrated in FIG. 2, block 202illustrates the method includes receiving, by a first node, first idleinformation for detecting a first idle time period during which no TCPpacket including data in a first data stream sent in the TCP connectionby a second node is received by the first node. Accordingly, a systemfor sharing information for detecting an idle TCP connection includesmeans for receiving, by a first node, first idle information fordetecting a first idle time period during which no TCP packet includingdata in a first data stream sent in the TCP connection by a second nodeis received by the first node. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4a ,idle time period policy component 450 is configured for receiving, by afirst node, first idle information for detecting a first idle timeperiod during which no TCP packet including data in a first data streamsent in the TCP connection by a second node is received by the firstnode.

FIG. 5 illustrates idle time period (ITP) policy component 550 as anadaptation of and/or analog of ITP policy component 450 in FIG. 4a . Oneor more idle time period policy components 550 operate in executionenvironment 502.

Message 702 in FIG. 7 illustrates a communication including and/orotherwise identifying idle information received by ITP policy component550. Message 702 may take various forms in various aspects. Exemplaryforms for message 702 include a function/method invocation, a messagepassed via a message queue, data transmitted via a pipe, a messagereceived via a network, and/or a communication via a shared location inIPU memory and/or secondary storage.

Idle information may be received from a configuration storage locationfor TCP layer component 506 in an IPU memory and/or in secondary storage108. The configured idle information may be maintained and/or otherwisemanaged by settings service component 526 configured to maintain and/ormanage various options or settings for TCP layer component 506 and/orone or more TCP connections.

In an aspect, network application 504 provides idle information to ITPpolicy component 550 via settings service component 526 interoperatingwith sockets component 518. Sockets component 518 and/or TCP layercomponent 506 may support TCP options applicable globally for some orall TCP connections and/or may support TCP options on a per connectionbasis. Per connection TCP options may override global TCP options ifglobal options are also supported. In another aspect, idle informationmay be received from and/or otherwise received based on information viaapplication protocol layer 520, via sockets component 518, and/ordirectly from network application 504.

Application protocol layer 520 may provide idle information to ITPpolicy component 550 via settings service component 526 and, optionally,via sockets component 518. Idle information provided by applicationprotocol layer 520 may be based on data received from networkapplication 504, based on a particular configuration of applicationprotocol layer 520, and/or received from a user and/or administrator ofone or both of network application 504 and application protocol layer520.

In an aspect, the idle information received may be based on a previousITP header identified in a packet in the TCP connection received byfirst node 602 from second node 604. The previous packet may be receivedby net in-port component 560. The previous ITP header may be detected byITP option handler component 562 interoperating with packet handlercomponent 516. Idle information may be identified and/or otherwisedetermined by ITP option handler component 562. ITP policy component 550may interoperate with ITP option handler component 562 to receive theidle information.

Idle information received, determined, and/or otherwise identified mayinclude and/or identify a duration of time for detecting an idle timeperiod. The duration may be specified according to various measures oftime including seconds, minutes, hours, and/or days.

Alternatively or additionally, idle information may include and/oridentify a generator for determining a duration of time for detecting anidle time period. An exemplary generator may include a formula, anexpression, a function, a policy, and/or other mechanism for generatingand/or otherwise identifying a duration of time.

In an aspect, one or more algorithms for generating a duration of timefor detecting an idle time period may be associated with identifiers.The algorithm identifiers may be standardized within a group of nodesincluding first node 602 and second node 604. The received idleinformation may include and/or reference an algorithm identifier. Firstnode 602 and second node 604 may each maintain an association betweenone or more of the algorithm identifiers and a duration generator suchas a function and/or a class configured to perform the identifiedalgorithm.

A duration generator may determine the duration of time for detecting anidle time period based on one or more attributes accessible to one orboth of first node 602 and second node 604. Exemplary attributes includea measure of network latency, a measure of network congestion, anindication of the availability of a particular resource, a userspecified attribute, a security attribute, an energy usage attribute, auser attribute such as role of the user, and/or a measure of bandwidthsupported by NIC 508 and/or a physical network medium operativelycoupled to NIC 508.

Alternatively or additionally, idle information may include a parametersuch as one or more of the attributes identified in the previousparagraph for use in a duration generator for determining a duration oftime for measuring and/or otherwise detecting an idle time period.

A TCP connection may be identified by its endpoints. First node 602and/or second node 604 may include an endpoint of the TCP connection.Alternatively or additionally, first node 602 and/or second node 604 mayinclude a proxy endpoint representing an endpoint in a TCP connection.Nodes, that provide a network address translation (NAT) service, areexemplary nodes including proxy endpoints.

A node including a TCP connection endpoint is referred to as a host.Hosts are typically user devices and/or servers that typically operateat the edge of a network. While endpoints of most TCP connections arenot typically included in network nodes for relaying, routing, and/orotherwise forwarding TCP packet data within a network such as routingnodes and switching nodes. Such network nodes may include one or moreconnection endpoints for one or more respective TCP connections. Itshould be understood that the term “host” refers to a role played by adevice in a network. First node 602 and/or second node 604 may play therole of a host in a TCP connection and/or may be proxy nodes.

A node is referred to as being in or included in a TCP connection whenthe node includes an endpoint of the connection and/or includes a proxyfor a connection endpoint, referred to as a proxy endpoint. A proxyendpoint and an endpoint in a TCP connection may be in the same node orin different nodes.

In FIG. 5, connection state component 558 may maintain state informationfor one or more TCP connection endpoints and/or proxy endpoints ofcorresponding TCP connections included in an instance of an executionenvironment, such as execution environment 502, included in and/orprovided by first node 602 or second node 604.

First node 602 and/or second node 604 may play a role of a proxy nodefor a node including a TCP connection endpoint. First node 602 and/orsecond node 604 may include a proxy endpoint representing an endpoint ina TCP connection. A proxy node forwards TCP packet data, sent by a hostincluding a TCP connection endpoint, to another host including acorresponding connection endpoint represented by a proxy endpointincluded in the proxy node and vice versa. Exemplary proxy nodes inaddition to including routing and/or switching capabilities may includea bridge, a hub, a repeater, a gateway, and a firewall.

In an aspect, a TCP keep-alive option, a TCP user timeout, aretransmission timeout, an acknowledgment timeout, and/or anothertimeout associated with a TCP connection may be modified based on thefirst idle information.

For example, in FIG. 5, ITP policy component 550 operating in first node602 may modify an attribute of a TCP keep-alive option provided by oneor more keep-alive components that may include settings servicecomponent 526. Modifying a keep-alive attribute may include creating theattribute, deleting the attribute, and/or modifying the attribute. ITPpolicy component 550 may interoperate with settings service component526, connection state component 558, and/or a keep-alive option handlercomponent (not shown) to detect the existence and state of one or morekeep-alive attributes in determining whether a keep-alive option isactive and/or in identifying its current state.

In response to identifying the idle information, ITP policy component550 may activate, disable, and/or modify the state of the keep-aliveoption via interoperation with one or more of settings service component526, connection state component 558, and/or a keep-alive option handler.Thus, in response to identifying the idle information, ITP policycomponent 550 may prevent and/or alter the time a keep-alive packet issent to second node 604 from first node 602.

Alternatively or additionally, ITP policy component 550 operating infirst node 602 may modify an attribute associated with an acknowledgmenttimeout configured for TCP layer component 506. Modifying anacknowledgment timeout attribute may include creating the attribute,deleting the attribute, and/or modifying the attribute. ITP policycomponent 550 may interoperate with settings service component 526,connection state component 558, and/or an acknowledgment option handlercomponent (not shown) to detect the existence and state of one or morepacket acknowledgment attributes. In response to identifying the idleinformation, ITP policy component 550 may modify the state of the packetacknowledgment option. Thus, in response to identifying the idleinformation, ITP policy component 550 may prevent and/or alter the timean acknowledgment is sent in a packet in a TCP connection.

Returning to FIG. 2, block 204 illustrates the method further includesgenerating a TCP packet including a first idle time period headeridentifying metadata for the first idle time period based on the firstidle information. Accordingly, a system for sharing information fordetecting an idle TCP connection includes means for generating a TCPpacket including a first idle time period header identifying metadatafor the first idle time period based on the first idle information. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 4a , packet generator component 452 isconfigured for generating a TCP packet including a first idle timeperiod header identifying metadata for the first idle time period basedon the first idle information.

FIG. 5 illustrates packet generator component 552 as an adaptation ofand/or analog of packet generator component 452 in FIG. 4a . One or morepacket generator components 552 operate in execution environment 502.

Packet generator component 552 in FIG. 5 may receive idle informationand/or information based on the received idle information from ITPpolicy component 550. Whether and when packet generator component 552receives information for including an idle time period (ITP) header in aTCP packet may depend on a current state of the associated TCPconnection. In FIG. 5, ITP policy component 550 may interoperate withconnection state component 558 to determine whether and when to provideinformation to packet generator component 552 for including an ITPheader in a TCP packet.

In an aspect, an ITP header may be included in a packet exchanged duringsetup of TCP connection. RFC 793 describes a “three-way handshake” forestablishing a TCP connection. The synchronization requires each side tosend it's own initial sequence number and to receive a confirmation ofit in acknowledgment from the other side. Each side must also receivethe other side's initial sequence number and send a confirmingacknowledgment.

1) A→B SYN my sequence number is X

2) A←B ACK your sequence number is X

3) A←B SYN my sequence number is Y

4) A→B ACK your sequence number is Y

Because steps 2 and 3 can be combined in a single message this is calledthe three way (or three message) handshake.

Other message exchanges may be used in setting up a TCP connection asthose skilled in the art will understand. Such other exchanges are notcurrently supported by the TCP as described in RFC 793. The specified“three-way handshake” and other patterns of message exchange for settingup a TCP connection include packets that are considered to be in the TCPconnection for purposes of this disclosure. Including an ITP header maybe restricted to packets exchanged in connection setup, excluded frompackets exchanged during connection establishment, or allowed in one ormore packets exchanged during connection establishments and in packetsexchanged after connection setup.

In an aspect, when connection state component 558 and/or ITP policycomponent 550 determine an ITP header should be included in a TCP packetbased on received idle information, packet generator component 552 mayinclude the ITP header in a next TCP packet generated in response todata received via application in-port component 522 for sending to firstnode 602. In another aspect, packet generator component 552 may send theITP header in a TCP packet in the TCP connection with no data includedin the TCP data stream sent by first node 602 to second node 604. Such apacket is referred to as an empty Packet generator component 554 maysend the empty TCP packet when TCP layer component 506 has no for datafrom an application in second node 604 to send in the TCP data stream tofirst node 602.

Packet generator component 552 may generate a packet according to theTCP specifications and may include a header identified as an ITP headerin accordance with specifications for including TCP option headers in aTCP packet. See RFC 793 for more details. FIG. 8 illustrates a format orstructure for a TCP packet 802 as described in RFC 793. Each “+”character in FIG. 8, indicates a bit-boundary. TCP packet 802 specifiesa location and format for including a source port 804 portion includingan identifier for an endpoint of the TCP connection for a sending nodeand a destination port 806 including an identifier for a correspondingendpoint of the TCP connection in a receiving node. IP packet 810illustrates a format for an IP packet header for an IP packet includingTCP packet data. Source address 812 specifies a location and format inan IP header for including a network address identifying a networkinterface of the sending node, and destination address 814 identifying anetwork interface for the receiving node. A network address and a portnumber identify a connection endpoint in a network. Two endpointsidentify a TCP connection.

FIG. 8 also illustrates a format for an exemplary ITP header 820. A KINDlocation is specified for including an identifier indicating that theoption is an idle time period (ITP) option in an ITP header. Identifiersfor option headers are currently under the control of the InternetAssigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Length field 824 identifies a lengthof an ITP header. An ITP data field 826 is specified for including ITPheader information for detecting an idle time period as described herein

Those skilled in the art will recognize given this disclosure that anITP header may have other suitable formats and may be included in a TCPpacket in structures and locations other than those specified for TCPoptions in RFC 793. An equivalent or analog of an ITP header may beincluded in a footer of a protocol packet in an extension and/or variantof the current TCP.

ITP data field 826 in FIG. 8 may include and/or otherwise identifymetadata for the first idle time period. For example, an ITP data fieldin a packet may include and/or otherwise identify one or more of aduration of time for detecting an idle time period, a duration generatorfor determining a duration of time for detecting an idle time period,and a parameter for use in a duration generator for determining aduration of time for measuring and detecting an idle time period.

Message 704 in FIG. 7 illustrates an invocation and/or other access topacket generator component 552 for generating a TCP packet including anITP header based on received idle information.

Returning to FIG. 2, block 206 illustrates the method further includessending the TCP packet in the TCP connection to the second node toprovide the metadata for the first idle time period to the second node.Accordingly, a system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection further includes means for sending the TCP packet in the TCPconnection to the second node to provide the metadata for the first idletime period to the second node. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4a ,the net out-port component 454 is configured for sending the TCP packetin the TCP connection to the second node to provide the metadata for thefirst idle time period to the second node.

FIG. 5 illustrates net out-port component 554 as an adaptation of and/oranalog of net out-port component 454 in FIG. 4a . One or more netout-port components 554 operate in execution environment 502. Netout-port component 554 is illustrated operatively coupled to packetgenerator component 552. Net out-port component 554 may receive TCPpacket data from packet generator component 552 and interoperate with IPlayer component 514 to send the TCP packet in one or more IP packets vianetwork 606 to second node 604. Message 706.1 in FIG. 7 illustrates aTCP packet including an ITP header sent by first node 602 and receivedby second node 604.

In one aspect, an ITP header may be sent to make sending one or more TCPkeep-alive packets by a partner node in the connection unnecessary. Areceiver of a packet including an ITP header, such as second node 604,may keep a TCP connection alive based on information in the ITP header.

In another aspect, first node 602 may set a keep-alive timeout attributebased on a duration of the first idle time period identified in thefirst idle information and/or in the metadata provided to second node604. For example, first node 602 may monitor a time period during whichno non-empty packets are sent or received in the TCP connection. Akeep-alive option handler and/or keep-alive component (not shown)operating in first node 602 may set a keep-alive timer according to thetimeout attribute, with a duration that will result in the keep-alivetimer expiring before an idle time period can occur. In response todetecting a keep-alive timeout, which may be indicated by the expirationof the keep-alive timer, the keep-alive option handler and/or keep-alivepolicy component may provide information to packet generator component552 to generate a TCP keep-alive packet. The packet generator component552 may provide the generated packet to net out-port component 554 forsending the TCP keep-alive packet to second node 604 to determinewhether the TCP connection is active and/or to keep the TCP connectionactive.

In another aspect, ITP policy component 550 operating in first node 602may set a timer, analogous to the keep-alive timer described in theprevious paragraph that expires before an time period can occur. Inresponse the timer expiring, ITP policy component 550 may provide idleinformation to packet generator component 552 to generate a TCP packetincluding a second ITP header. Content of the second ITP header may bebased on the first idle information received, data received from secondnode 604, information received from a network application that may befrom a user, and/or on any information accessible to TCP layer component506 in execution environment 502 in first node 602. The TCP packetgenerated by packet generator component 552 is provided to IP layercomponent 514 via net out-port component 554 to send to second node 604in the TCP connection. Along with sending the message, first node 602may reset and/or otherwise restart detection of the first idle timeperiod. Thus, a second ITP header may be sent in a second TCP packet byfirst node 602 to second node 602 along with restarting detection of thefirst idle time period. Alternatively, first node 602 may reset andinitiate detection of an idle time period with a different duration thanthe previous idle time period, based on the idle information forgenerating the second ITP header.

Returning to FIG. 2, block 208 illustrates the method further includesdetecting the first idle time period based on the first idleinformation. Accordingly, a system for sharing information for detectingan idle TCP connection further includes means for detecting the firstidle time period based on the first idle information. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 4a , the idle time period monitor component 456 isconfigured for idle time period monitor.

FIG. 5 illustrates idle time period monitor component 556 as anadaptation of and/or analog of idle time period monitor component 456 inFIG. 4a . One or more idle time period monitor components 556 operate inexecution environment 502.

In an aspect, in response to receiving the first idle information, ITPpolicy component 550 may store a value representing a duration of timein a configuration storage location. Alternatively, or additionally, ITPpolicy component 550 may invoke a duration generator to determine aduration of time for detecting the idle time period. The durationgenerator may be preconfigured for the TCP connection and/or may beidentified based on the idle information received. As described, theinvoked generator may be invoked with a parameter included in and/orotherwise identified based on the received idle information.

ITP policy component 550 may interoperate with ITP monitor component 556to identify the duration for detecting the idle time period. ITP monitorcomponent 556, in various aspects, may receive information includingand/or otherwise identifying a duration of time, a duration generator,and/or a parameter for a duration generator. ITP monitor component 556may initiate and/or restart a process for detecting an idle time period.In an aspect, ITP monitor component 556 detects and/or otherwiseidentifies a beginning of a potential idle time period based on one ormore specified events.

In an aspect, detecting the first idle time period by ITP monitorcomponent 556 may include detecting a time period in the idle timeperiod during which first node 602 has received acknowledgment for alldata sent via the TCP connection in the TCP data stream by first node602 to second node 604. Further, the first idle time period may includea time period during which first node 602 has sent one or more TCPpackets to second node 604 to acknowledge all data received in a TCPdata stream in the TCP connection from second node 604 to first node602. Detecting the first idle time period by ITP monitor component 556may include detecting that all received data has been acknowledgedand/or that all sent data has been acknowledged.

In an aspect, ITP policy component 550 may include a policy with a ruleindicating that an idle time period cannot begin while a TCP packet sentby first node 602 remains unacknowledged by second node 604. ITP policycomponent 550 may prevent ITP monitor component 556 from initiatingdetection of an idle time period while unacknowledged data exists. In afurther aspect, a time duration may be associated and/or included in thepolicy identifying a limit to a period of waiting to receiveacknowledgment of TCP packet data sent by first node 602. In one aspect,waiting for lack of an acknowledgment for an empty packet does not delaydetection of an idle time period, while in another aspect ITP monitorcomponent 556 will not initiate detection while an empty packet remainsunacknowledged.

In an aspect, idle information, received by a node may be included inand/or otherwise based on a previous idle time period header identifiedin a previous TCP packet received in the TCP connection by the node froma remote node prior to sending an ITP header based on the idleinformation by the node. For example, the first idle informationreceived by ITP policy component 550 in first node 602 may be based onan idle time period header included a TCP packet in the TCP connectionsent by second node 604 and received by first node 602 prior to sendingthe first TCP packet by first node 602. The exchange of ITP headers mayinclude a negotiation between first node 602 and second node 604.

A duration of time may be identified based on the idle informationreceived by ITP policy component in first node 602. A timer may be setaccording to the identified duration. Detecting the first idle timeperiod may include and/or otherwise may be based on detecting the timerexpiration. ITP monitor component 556 may set a timer configured toexpire in a time duration identified based on the first idle informationreceived by ITP policy component 550. The identified duration may belonger, shorter, or equal to a duration of the idle time period. ITPmonitor component 556 may use multiple timers. ITP monitor component 556may recalculate and/or otherwise generate a new idle duration based onthe idle information at one or more times during detection of the firstidle time period. That is, a duration of an idle time period may bestatic and/or may be dynamic, changing based on attribute informationaccessible during the detection process and/or based on one or moreduration generators.

Message 710.1 illustrates a call and/or other communication between ITPmonitor component 556 and a timer component in first node 602 to set atimer included in detecting an idle time period. Prior to the settingthe timer, first node 602 and second node 602 may be active inexchanging TCP packets as illustrated by messages including message706.2 through message 706.n. Those skilled in the art will recognizethat detection of an idle time period may not include explicitly and/ordirectly using a timer. ITP monitor component 556 may monitor otherevents as a proxy or indirect mechanism for initiating detection anddetecting an idle time period.

ITP monitor component 556 may detect one or more events configured toindicate that an idle time period has occurred. For example, expirationof a timer or multiple associated timers may be interpreted by ITPmonitor component 556 as marking an occurrence of the first idle timeperiod. Message 710.2 illustrates ITP monitor component 556 receivinginformation identifying expiration of a timer for detecting the firstidle time period.

In a further aspect, in response to detecting the expiration of a timerset as described above, a TCP keep-alive packet may be sent by firstnode 602 to determine whether the TCP connection is action and/or tokeep the TCP connection active. When the keep-alive packet is sent, anacknowledgment timer may be set. If a timeout of the acknowledgmenttimer is detected indicating no TCP packet has been receivedacknowledging the keep-alive packet, the first idle time period may bedetected in response to and/or otherwise based on the timeout of theacknowledgment timer.

In FIG. 5, ITP policy component 550 in first node 602 may provide aduration identified based on the received idle information to akeep-alive monitor component (not shown). The keep-alive monitorcomponent may configure a keep-alive timer to expire based on theidentified duration. In response to detecting expiration of thekeep-alive timer, ITP monitor component 556 may invoke packet generatorcomponent 552 to generate a TCP keep-alive packet. First node 602 maysend the TCP packet to second node 604. The TCP keep-alive packet may besent to prevent detection of an idle time period by second node 604and/or may otherwise be sent to detect by first node 602 whether the TCPconnection is active.

First node 602 may set an acknowledgment timer associated with sendingthe packet. If the acknowledgment timer expires before a TCP packet isreceived from second node 602 acknowledging the packet sent, ITP monitorcomponent 556 may detect the idle time period in response to and/orotherwise based on expiration of the acknowledgment timer.

Receiving a packet from second node 604 included in the TCP connectionis an event that, in various aspects, may directly and/or indirectlyindicate the beginning of a potential idle time period. A potential idletime period may begin at some specified point during and/or afterprocessing a received TCP packet. In one aspect, an empty TCP packet maybe received while a potential idle time period is being monitored. Thatis, a beginning of the potential idle time period has been detected. Inresponse to receiving the empty TCP packet, monitoring of the currentpotential time period may be aborted. Further, in response to receivingthe empty TCP packet, a beginning of a next potential idle time periodmay be detected.

In FIG. 5, ITP policy component 550 and ITP monitor component 556 mayoperate to reset and/or initiate detection of an idle time period inresponse to receiving an empty TCP packet. First node 602 may receive anempty packet. In response, ITP monitor component 556 may receive anevent and/or other indication to reset detection of an idle time period.Resetting the detecting process may be based on whether or not areceived empty TCP packet matches a specified condition. ITP optionhandler component 562 may be configured to determine whether a receivedempty TCP packet matches the condition. If ITP option handler component562 determines the empty packet matches the condition, ITP monitorcomponent 556 may be instructed to reset and/or restart detection of thefirst idle time period including detecting the beginning of a nextpotential time period.

The condition may match received TCP packets including ITP headersand/or other TCP option headers. A condition may match a port numberand/or other field in TCP packet. A condition may further be based on anetwork address in an IP header including the TCP packet.

In a further aspect, first node 602 may receive via network 606 fromsecond node 604 a TCP packet in the TCP connection including an secondITP header. Message 706.2 in FIG. 7 illustrates the TCP packet sent bysecond node 604. ITP option handler component 562 may identify thesecond ITP header received from second node 604. The identified secondITP header may be for detecting by first node 602 an idle time period,during which no TCP packet in the TCP connection is received, by thefirst node 602 that includes data in the first TCP data stream fromsecond node 604. The first idle time period may be detected by ITPmonitor component 556 in first node 602 based on the second ITP headerand based on the received idle information. The second ITP headerreceived in the TCP packet from second node 604 may be based on thefirst ITP header in the TCP packet sent in the TCP connection by firstnode 602 to second node 604.

In some aspects, the first node and second node 604 may continue toexchange ITP headers. Information in the exchanged ITP headers may bebased on ITP headers received in the TCP connection and/or on dataaccessible locally to one or both of the nodes. In some aspects, theexchange may be a negotiation while in other the exchange may simply beinformational.

Returning to FIG. 2, block 210 illustrates the method further includesdeactivating the TCP connection in response to detecting the first idletime period. Accordingly, a system for sharing information for detectingan idle TCP connection further includes means for deactivating the TCPconnection in response to detecting the first idle time period. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 4a , the connection state component 458is configured for deactivating the TCP connection in response todetecting the first idle time period.

FIG. 5 illustrates connection state component 558 as an adaptation ofand/or analog of connection state component 458 in FIG. 4a . One or moreconnection state components 558 operate in execution environment 502.

When ITP monitor component 556 in first node 602 detects an idle timeperiod, ITP monitor component 556 may provide an indication toconnection state component 558. The indication may indicate that theidle time period for the TCP connection has been detected and/orotherwise may instruct connection state component 558 and/or othercomponents in TCP layer component 506 to deactivate the TCP connection.Message 712 in FIG. 7 illustrates a communication to deactivate the TCPconnection communicated in response to detecting the idle time period.

Deactivating the TCP connection may include closing the TCP connection.A TCP connection may be closed using a three-way handshake packetexchange described in RFC 793. Deactivating the TCP connection mayinclude sending a TCP packet by the detecting node to reset the TCPconnection. According to RFC 793, first node 602 may send a TCP packetincluding a reset (RST) bit set to “1” to indicate a connection reset.Deactivating the TCP connection may include, alternatively oradditionally, releasing a resource allocated for maintaining and/oractivating the TCP connection.

With respect to the method illustrated in FIG. 3, block 302 illustratesthe method includes receiving, by a second node from a first node, afirst transmission control protocol (TCP) packet in a TCP connection.Accordingly, a system for sharing information for detecting an idle TCPconnection includes means for receiving, by a second node from a firstnode, a first transmission control protocol (TCP) packet in a TCPconnection. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4b , the net in-portcomponent 460 is configured for receiving, by a second node from a firstnode, a first transmission control protocol (TCP) packet in a TCPconnection.

FIG. 5 illustrates net in-port component 560 as an adaptation of and/oranalog of net in-port component 460 in FIG. 4b . One or more net in-portcomponents 560 operate in execution environment 502.

As described above, net in-port component 560 in FIG. 5 may operate inan instance of execution environment 502 and/or an analog included inand/or including second node 604. The TCP packet, illustrated by message706.1 in FIG. 7 and described above, may be received by net in-portcomponent 560 in second node 604. The TCP packet may include data in asecond TCP data stream sent by first node 602 to second node 604 todeliver to a user of TCP layer component 506 in second node 604 such asnetwork application 504. Alternatively, the TCP packet may be an emptyTCP packet. The received TCP packet may be a packet included in settingup the TCP connection as described above.

Returning to FIG. 3, block 304 illustrates the method further includesdetecting a first idle time period header, in the first packet,identifying metadata for a first idle time period, detectable by thefirst node, during which no TCP packet including data in a first TCPdata stream sent in the TCP connection by the second node is received bythe first node. Accordingly, a system for sharing information fordetecting an idle TCP connection includes means for detecting a firstidle time period header, in the first packet, identifying metadata for afirst idle time period, detectable by the first node, during which noTCP packet including data in a first TCP data stream sent in the TCPconnection by the second node is received by the first node. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 4b , idle time period option handlercomponent 462 is configured for detecting a first idle time periodheader, in the first packet, identifying metadata for a first idle timeperiod, detectable by the first node, during which no TCP packetincluding data in a first TCP data stream sent in the TCP connection bythe second node is received by the first node.

FIG. 5 illustrates idle time period option handler component 562 as anadaptation of and/or analog of idle time period option handler component462 in FIG. 4b . One or more idle time period option handler components562 operate in execution environment 502.

In FIG. 5, ITP option handler component 562 is operatively coupled topacket handler component 516 The TCP packet, including the ITP headersent by first node 602, may be received, and identified as a TCP packetby net in-port component 560 operating in second node 604. Asillustrated in FIG. 5, net in-port component 560 and/or an analog of netin-port component 560 may provide and/or otherwise identify the receivedpacket to packet handler component 516. Packet handler component 516 maydetect various portions of the TCP packet according to the TPC packet802 structure as illustrated in FIG. 8. Alternatively, packet handlercomponent 516 may provide some or all of the packet to variouscomponents in TCP layer component 506 to identify portions of the packetaccording to the TCP specification and/or according to a particularimplementation.

The ITP header sent by first node 602 may be received by and/orotherwise identified by ITP option handler component 562. Message 708 inFIG. 7 exemplifies activation of ITP option handler component 562 fordetecting the ITP header in the TCP packet received from first node 602by second node 604.

In various aspects, ITP option handler component 562 operating in secondnode 604 may detect and/or otherwise determine a duration of time forassociated with detection of the idle time period by first node 602, aduration generator, and/or a parameter for a duration generator. Thefirst idle time period header may identify metadata including and/oridentifying for detection of the first idle time period by first node602 a duration of time, a generator for determining a duration of time,and/or an input for determining a duration of time.

Returning to FIG. 3, block 306 illustrates the method yet furtherincludes modifying, based on the metadata, by the second node a timeoutattribute associated with the TCP connection. Accordingly, a system forsharing information for detecting an idle TCP connection includes meansfor modifying, based on the metadata, by the second node a timeoutattribute associated with the TCP connection. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 4b , the option attribute handler component 464 isconfigured for modifying, based on the metadata, by the second node atimeout attribute associated with the TCP connection.

FIG. 5 illustrates option attribute handler component 564 as anadaptation of and/or analog of option attribute handler component 464 inFIG. 4b . One or more option attribute handler components 564 operate inexecution environment 502.

In an aspect, ITP option handler component 562 may one or more attributeoption handler components 564 to modify one or more correspondingattributes of a keep-alive option, a TCP user timeout, a retransmissiontimeout, an acknowledgment timeout, and another timeout associated withthe TCP connection, in response to identifying the ITP header. Themodifying may be based on the content of the ITP header.

For example, ITP option handler component 562 in second node 604 mayinteroperate with a keep-alive attribute option handler component 564directly and/or indirectly via settings service component 526,connection state component 558, and/or a keep-alive policy component(not shown) to detect the existence and state of one or more keep-aliveattributes in determining whether the keep-alive option is active and/orthe state of the keep-alive option.

In response to identifying the idle time period header, ITP optionhandler component 562 may activate, disable, and/or modify the state ofthe keep-alive option via interoperation with the keep-alive attributeoption handler. Thus, in response to identifying the idle information,attribute option handler component 564 may prevent and/or alter the timea keep-alive packet is sent by second node 604 to first node 602.

Alternatively or additionally, an attribute option handler component 564may modify an attribute associated with a packet acknowledgment optionprovided by TCP layer component 506 in first node 602. Modifying apacket acknowledgment attribute may include creating the attribute,deleting the attribute, and/or modifying the attribute. Attribute optionhandler component 564 may interoperate with settings service component526, connection state component 558, and/or an acknowledgment policycomponent (not shown) to detect the existence and state of one or morepacket acknowledgment attributes. In response to identifying the idleinformation, attribute option handler component 564 may modify the stateof the packet acknowledgment option. Thus, in response to identifyingthe idle information, attribute option handler component 564 may preventand/or alter the time an acknowledgment is sent in a packet data fromsecond node 604 to first node 602 in the TCP connection.

As described herein an ITP header for detecting an idle time period fora TCP connection may serve a number of purposes. A first node in a TCPconnection may via an ITP header inform and/or otherwise identify to asecond node in the connection one or more durations for detecting anidle time period by one or both nodes. Given multiple purposes, one ormore types of ITP headers may be supported and/or an ITP header may bestructured to support one or more of the described services. An exchangeof ITP headers may be informational and/or may be included innegotiation between two nodes included in a TCP connection. When used ina negotiation, an ITP header may be included in a negotiation protocolthat has an identifiable end during a portion of the existence of a TCPconnection or may be included in a negotiation that may remain ongoingthroughout the existence of a TCP connection. Those skilled in the artwill recognize the list of services in this paragraph is not exhaustive.

It should be understood that the various components illustrated in thevarious block diagrams represent logical components that are configuredto perform the functionality described herein and may be implemented insoftware, hardware, or a combination of the two. Moreover, some or allof these logical components may be combined, some may be omittedaltogether, and additional components may be added while still achievingthe functionality described herein. Thus, the subject matter describedherein may be embodied in many different variations, and all suchvariations are contemplated to be within the scope of what is claimed.

To facilitate an understanding of the subject matter described above,many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions that may beperformed by elements of a computer system. For example, it will berecognized that the various actions may be performed by specializedcircuits or circuitry (e.g., discrete logic gates interconnected toperform a specialized function), by program instructions being executedby one or more instruction processing units, or by a combination ofboth. The description herein of any sequence of actions is not intendedto imply that the specific order described for performing that sequencemust be followed.

Moreover, the methods described herein may be embodied in executableinstructions stored in a computer readable medium for use by or inconnection with an instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, ordevice, such as a computer-based or processor-containing machine,system, apparatus, or device. As used herein, a “computer readablemedium” may include one or more of any suitable media for storing theexecutable instructions of a computer program in one or more of anelectronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, and infrared form, suchthat the instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, or device mayread (or fetch) the instructions from the computer readable medium andexecute the instructions for carrying out the described methods. Anon-exhaustive list of conventional exemplary computer readable mediaincludes a portable computer diskette; a random access memory (RAM); aread only memory (ROM); an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROMor Flash memory); optical storage devices, including a portable compactdisc (CD), a portable digital video disc (DVD), a high definition DVD(HD-DVD™), a Blu-ray™ disc; and the like.

Thus, the subject matter described herein may be embodied in manydifferent forms, and all such forms are contemplated to be within thescope of what is claimed. It will be understood that various details maybe changed without departing from the scope of the claimed subjectmatter. Furthermore, the foregoing description is for the purpose ofillustration only, and not for the purpose of limitation, as the scopeof protection sought is defined by the claims as set forth hereinaftertogether with any equivalents thereof entitled to.

All methods described herein may be performed in any order unlessotherwise indicated herein explicitly or by context. The use of theterms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of theforegoing description and in the context of the following claims are tobe construed to include the singular and the plural, unless otherwiseindicated herein explicitly or clearly contradicted by context. Theforegoing description is not to be interpreted as indicating anynon-claimed element is essential to the practice of the subject matteras claimed.

I claim:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a server computer including: anon-transitory memory storing a network application; and one or moreprocessors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein theone or more processors execute the network application to operate inaccordance with a first protocol including a transmission controlprotocol (TCP), the server computer, when operating in accordance withthe first protocol to establish a TCP connection with a client computer,configured to: communicate a segment including at least one firstsynchronize bit; communicate a first acknowledgement of the segment, andat least one second synchronize bit; and communicate a secondacknowledgement; said server computer, further configured tocommunicate, to the client computer, code that, when used by the clientcomputer, causes the client computer to operate in accordance with asecond protocol that is separate from the TCP, in order to establish asecond protocol connection with another server computer, by: receiving apacket; detecting an idle time period parameter field in the packet;identifying metadata in the idle time period parameter field for an idletime period, where, after the idle time period is detected, the secondprotocol connection is deemed inactive; and creating or modifying, bythe client computer and based on the metadata, a timeout attributeassociated with the second protocol connection.
 2. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the code, when used by the client computer, causes theclient computer to operate such that the creating or modifying thetimeout attribute renders one or more keep-alive packets in the secondprotocol connection unnecessary.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein thecode, when used by the client computer, causes the client computer tooperate such that the receiving is performed subsequent to sending, bythe client computer to the another server computer, another packetincluding other metadata including an idle time period parameter.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 3 wherein the metadata is the same as the othermetadata.
 5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the metadata is differentfrom the other metadata.
 6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein themetadata is based on the other metadata.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1wherein the code, when used by the client computer, causes the clientcomputer to operate such that the timeout attribute is specified in anumber of seconds or minutes.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein thecode, when used by the client computer, causes the client computer tooperate such that the metadata is used as input of an algorithm fordetermining a duration of time associated with the timeout attribute. 9.The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the algorithm is determined, inresponse to the identification of the metadata and based on at least oneparticular attribute not related to the metadata.
 10. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the code, when used by the client computer, causes theclient computer to operate such that the creation or the modification ofthe timeout attribute results from a negotiation between the clientcomputer and the another server computer via a negotiation protocolspecific to the second protocol.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1 whereinthe code, when used by the client computer, causes the client computerto operate in accordance with the second protocol that is separate fromthe TCP to: detect the idle time period based on the timeout attribute;and deactivate the second protocol connection in response to detectingthe idle time period.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the code,when used by the client computer, causes the client computer to utilizethe second protocol instead of the TCP in order to permit communication,between the client computer and the another server computer, of thetimeout attribute, where no timeout attribute is communicated whenestablishing the TCP connection in accordance with the TCP, but isavailable when establishing the second protocol connection so as topermit the second protocol connection to be placed in a particular statebased on the timeout attribute when the second protocol connection isinactive, where the particular state is such that only one of the clientcomputer or the another server computer is allowed to transmit data tothe other one.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the code, when usedby the client computer, causes the client computer to operate such thatthe timeout attribute is used to determine whether to at least partiallyclose the second protocol connection when inactive.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the code is communicated by permitting the clientcomputer to fetch the code from the server computer utilizing the TCPconnection and a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).
 15. An apparatuscomprising: a server computer including: a non-transitory memory storinga network application; and one or more processors in communication withthe non-transitory memory, wherein the one or more processors executethe network application to operate in accordance with a first protocolincluding a transmission control protocol (TCP), the server computer,when operating in accordance with the first protocol to establish a TCPconnection with a client computer, configured to: communicate a segmentincluding at least one first synchronize bit; communicate a firstacknowledgement of the segment, and at least one second synchronize bit;and communicate a second acknowledgement; said server computer furtherconfigured to communicate, to the client computer, code that, when usedby the client computer, results in the client computer operating inaccordance with a second protocol that is separate from the TCP, inorder to establish a second protocol connection with another servercomputer, by: identifying idle information for detecting an idle timeperiod, after which, the second protocol connection is subject todeactivation; generating a second protocol packet including an idle timeperiod parameter field identifying metadata for the idle time periodbased on the idle information; and sending, from the client computer tothe another server computer, the second protocol packet to provide themetadata for the idle time period to the another server computer, foruse by the another server computer in creating or modifying, based onthe metadata, a timeout attribute associated with the second protocolconnection.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the code, when used bythe client computer, results in the client computer operating such thatthe timeout attribute is an attribute of the idle time period.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 15 wherein the code is communicated by permitting theclient computer to fetch the code from the server computer utilizing theTCP connection and a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).
 18. Theapparatus of claim 15 wherein the code, when used by the clientcomputer, results in the client computer operating such that themetadata includes a first value and the timeout attribute is capable ofbeing created or modified, by the another server computer, to include asecond value that is different than the first value of the metadata. 19.The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the code, when used by the clientcomputer, results in the client computer operating such that the timeoutattribute is a number of seconds or minutes.
 20. The apparatus of claim15 wherein the code, when used by the client computer, results in theclient computer operating such that the creation or the modification ofthe timeout attribute results from an exchange between the clientcomputer and the another server computer.
 21. The apparatus of claim 15wherein the code, when used by the client computer, results in theclient computer operating in accordance with the second protocol that isseparate from the TCP, by: detecting the idle time period; anddeactivating the second protocol connection by communicating aparticular packet between the client computer and the another servercomputer, in response to detecting the idle time period.
 22. Theapparatus of claim 15 wherein the code, when used by the clientcomputer, results in the client computer utilizing the second protocolinstead of the TCP in order to permit negotiation, between the clientcomputer and the another server computer, of the timeout attribute,where the timeout attribute is not communicated when establishing theTCP connection in accordance with the TCP, but is communicated whenestablishing the second protocol connection so as to permit the secondprotocol connection to be at least partially closed when inactive basedon the timeout attribute.
 23. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein thecode, when used by the client computer, results in the client computeroperating such that the timeout attribute serves to keep the secondprotocol connection open when inactive, and to prevent the anotherserver from closing the second protocol connection when inactive. 24.The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the code, when used by the clientcomputer, results in the client computer operating such that the secondprotocol packet and the metadata included therewith are sent by theclient computer to the another server computer, in response toreceiving, by the client computer from the another server computer,another second protocol packet with other metadata.
 25. An apparatuscomprising: a server computer including: a non-transitory memory storinginstructions; and one or more processors in communication with thenon-transitory memory, wherein the one or more processors execute theinstructions such that a network application operates in accordance witha first protocol including a transmission control protocol (TCP), theserver computer, when operating in accordance with the first protocol toset up a TCP connection, configured to: communicate a segment includingat least one first synchronize bit; communicate a first acknowledgementof the segment, and at least one second synchronize bit; and communicatea second acknowledgement; said server computer further configured tocommunicate, to a client computer, code that, when used by the clientcomputer, causes the client computer to operate in accordance with asecond protocol that is different from the TCP and that operates abovean Internet Protocol (IP) layer and below a hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) application layer, in order to setup a second protocol connectionwith another server computer, by: receiving, by the client computer fromthe another server computer, a packet; identifying metadata, thatspecifies a number of seconds or minutes, in an idle time periodparameter field in the packet for an idle time period, during which, nopacket is communicated that meets each of the following criteria: a)communicated via the second protocol connection, and b) causes thesecond protocol connection to be kept at least partially alive; anddetermining, by the client computer and based on the metadata, a timeoutattribute associated with the second protocol connection.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 25 wherein the code is communicated by permitting theclient computer to fetch the code from the server computer utilizing theTCP connection and a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).
 27. Theapparatus of claim 26 wherein at least one of: the communicationincludes only receiving; the communication includes only sending; thecommunication includes receiving and sending; the instructions areseparate from the network application; the instructions are part of thenetwork application; the first acknowledgement of the segment and the atleast one second synchronize bit are communicated together; thecommunication of: the segment including the at least one firstsynchronize bit, the first acknowledgement of the segment, the at leastone second synchronize bit, and the second acknowledgement, is carriedout via a 3-way handshake; the segment includes a signal; the segmentincludes a packet; the second protocol includes a variant to the TCP;the second protocol includes an extension to the TCP; the secondprotocol includes a non-TCP protocol; the second protocol connectionincludes a first connection that is set up; the second protocolconnection includes an initial connection that is set up; the metadataspecifies a number of seconds; the metadata specifies a number ofminutes; the packet is informational; the packet is received directly bythe another server computer from the client computer; the packet isreceived by the another server computer from the client computer via atleast one other intermediate computer; the code includes machine code orprogram code; the code includes a readable instruction; the codeincludes a data structure; the code includes a program component; thecode is an instruction; the code is a data structure; the code is aprogram component; the code is software; the timeout attribute iscapable being the same as the metadata; the timeout attribute is capablebeing different from the metadata; the timeout attribute specifies atime duration; the determining the timeout attribute includes at leastone of modifying, creating, or deleting the timeout attribute; thesecond protocol operates directly above the IP layer; the secondprotocol operates directly below the HTTP application layer; or duringthe idle time period, a data-equipped second protocol packet is capableof being received by the client computer in another connection separatefrom the second protocol connection.
 28. The apparatus of claim 25wherein the code is communicated by permitting the client computer tofetch the code from the server computer utilizing the TCP connection anda hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), and further wherein the code, whenused by the client computer, causes the client computer to operate inaccordance with the second protocol that is different from the TCP, by:detecting the idle time period based on the timeout attribute; anddeactivating the second protocol connection by communicating aparticular packet between the client computer and the another servercomputer, in response to detecting the idle time period.
 29. Anapparatus comprising: a server computer including: a non-transitorymemory storing instructions; and one or more processors in communicationwith the non-transitory memory, wherein the one or more processorsexecute the instructions such that a network application operates inaccordance with a first protocol including a transmission controlprotocol (TCP) that operates above an Internet Protocol (IP) layer andbelow a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) application layer, the servercomputer configured to operate in accordance with the first protocol toset up a TCP connection with a client computer; said server computerfurther configured to communicate, to the client computer, a datastructure that, when used by the client computer, results in the clientcomputer operating in accordance with a second protocol, that isdifferent from the TCP and operates above the IP layer and below theHTTP application layer, in order to setup a second protocol connectionwith another server computer, by: identifying idle information for usein detecting an idle time period during which no signal is communicatedthat meets each of the following criteria: a) communicated in the secondprotocol connection, and b) results in the second protocol connectionbeing kept alive; generating, based on the idle information, a secondprotocol packet including an idle time period parameter fieldidentifying metadata that is specified in a number of seconds orminutes; and sending, from the client computer to another servercomputer and during the set up of the second protocol connection, thesecond protocol packet to provide the metadata to the another servercomputer, for use by the another server computer in determining atimeout attribute associated with the second protocol connection. 30.The apparatus of claim 29 wherein the data structure is communicated bypermitting the client computer to fetch the data structure from theserver computer utilizing the TCP connection and a hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP); wherein the data structure, when used by the clientcomputer, results in the client computer operating in accordance withthe second protocol that is different from the TCP such that thedetermination of the timeout attribute results from an exchange betweenthe client computer and the another server computer; and wherein thedata structure, when used by the client computer, further results in theclient computer operating in accordance with the second protocol that isdifferent from the TCP, by: detecting the idle time period based on theidle information; and releasing a resource allocated for the secondprotocol connection by one of the client computer and the another servercomputer without signaling another one of the client computer and theanother server computer, in connection with the detection of the idletime period.